In the State of Nevada if a Women Is Pregnant With Man's Baby Can She Leave the State

This article is about pregnancy in male person organisms. For the sympathetic status, run across Couvade syndrome.

Pregnancy in males

Male person pregnancy is the incubation of 1 or more embryos or fetuses by male members of some species. Most species that reproduce by sexual reproduction are heterogamous—females producing larger gametes (ova) and males producing smaller gametes (sperm). In about all creature species, offspring are carried past the female until birth, but in fish of the family Syngnathidae (pipefish, seahorses and the leafy seadragon), males perform that function.^[1]

Non-man animals [edit]

The fish family Syngnathidae has the unique characteristic of a highly derived form of male person breed care referred to equally "male pregnancy".^[2] The family unit is highly diverse, containing around 300 dissimilar species of fish. Included in Syngnathidae are seahorses, the pipefish, and the weedy and leafy seadragons. The males of some of these species possess a breed pouch on the trunk or tail; in other species, the eggs are just attached to the male's torso or tail when the female lays them. Although biologists' definitions of pregnancy differ somewhat, all members of the family are considered by ichthyologists to display male person pregnancy, fifty-fifty those without an external brood pouch.

Fertilization may take place in the pouch or in the h2o earlier implantation, simply in either case, syngnathids' male person pregnancy ensures them complete confidence of paternity.^[3] After implantation in or on the brood pouch or brood patch, the male incubates the eggs. Many species osmoregulate the breed pouch fluid to maintain proper pH for the developing embryos. In at least some species, the male also provisions his offspring with nutrients such as glucose and amino acids through the highly vascularized attachment sites in or on his body.

This period of incubation tin accept much longer than the production of another clutch of eggs by the female, especially in temperate regions where pregnancies last longer,^[4] leading to a reproductive environment in which sexual pick can exist stronger on females than on males due to increased male parental investment. This reversal of traditional sex roles has only been found in pipefishes, whereas seahorses accept largely been accustomed every bit monogamous.^[v] Some pipefish species display classical polyandry because of this unique situation. Male person syngnathids unremarkably prefer females with large body size and prominent ornaments such as blueish skin pigmentation or skin folds. Syngnathid males in some species are obviously capable of absorbing eggs or embryos while in the brood pouch.^[6] In these cases, embryos with the highest survival rate are those whose mothers display the preferred phenotype.

Syngnathidae is the only family in the beast kingdom to which the term "male person pregnancy" has been practical.^[1]

In 2021, Chinese researchers at the Naval Medical University in Shanghai published a preprint of a report that attempted to impregnate male rats past stitching them together with female rats. The study went viral on social media platform Weibo and attracted controversy over bioethics issues.^{[7] [8] [9]}

Humans [edit]

Ectopic implantation [edit]

Human males exercise non possess a uterus to gestate offspring.^[ane] The theoretical issue of male ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the uterine cavity) by surgical implantation has been addressed by experts in the field of fertility medicine, who stress that the concept of ectopic implantation, while theoretically plausible, has never been attempted and would be hard to justify – even for a woman lacking a uterus – owing to the extreme health risks to both the parent and child.^{[10] [11]}

Robert Winston, a pioneer of in-vitro fertilization, told London's Sunday Times that "male pregnancy would certainly be possible" by having an embryo implanted in a man's belly – with the placenta attached to an internal organ such as the bowel – and afterwards delivered surgically.^{[12] [thirteen] [xiv]} Ectopic implantation of the embryo along the abdominal wall, and resulting placenta growth would, nonetheless, exist very dangerous and potentially fatal for the host, and is therefore unlikely to be studied in humans.^{[12] [fifteen]} Gillian Lockwood, medical manager of Midland Fertility Services, a British fertility clinic, noted that the abdomen has not evolved to carve up from the placenta during commitment, hence the danger of an ectopic pregnancy. Bioethicist Glenn McGee said "the question is not 'Can a homo practise it?'. It's 'If a human does have a successful [ectopic] pregnancy, tin he survive it?'"^[xiii]

Since 2000, several hoax web sites have appeared on the Cyberspace^[15] purporting to describe the world's kickoff meaning man. While some rely on legitimate scientific claims, no such experiment has ever been reported. Fertility clinician Cecil Jacobson claimed to have transplanted a fertilized egg from a female baboon to the omentum in the abdominal cavity of a male baboon in the mid-1960s, which and so carried the fetus for four months; nevertheless, Jacobson did not publish his claims in a scientific journal, and was afterward convicted on several unrelated counts of fraud for ethical misconduct.^[eleven]

Uterus transplantation [edit]

Transplanting a uterus into a male trunk poses a claiming due to the lack of natural ligaments, vasculature, and hormones required to support the uterus. The uterus would either accept to exist donated by a willing donor or be tissue-engineered using the male'southward stalk cells so implanted into his pelvic region.^[16] Afterward, an in vitro fertilisation (IVF) procedure would be followed to insert the embryo into the male's transplanted womb. Due to the risks posed by long term anti-rejection medication, the uterus would demand to be removed post-obit the implied pregnancy. Given that males practise not require a uterus to survive, and knowing the predictable complications associated with uterus transplants in women, let lonely men, many surgeons advise against the procedure altogether for healthy individuals. ^[17]

In pop culture [edit]

Some science fiction writers have picked up on these problems, in "cross-gender" themes—e.g., Octavia Due east. Butler's Bloodchild and Other Stories.^{[ clarification needed ]} Ursula Yard. Le Guin's novel The Left Paw of Darkness contains the sentence "The rex was pregnant", and explores a lodge in which pregnancy tin be experienced by anyone, since individuals are not sexually differentiated during most of their life and can get capable of inseminating or gestating at unlike times. Lois McMaster Bujold's Ethan of Athos features an all-male gild in which men utilise artificial wombs, just experience many of the psychological effects of pregnancy (apprehension, feet, etc.). In Marge Piercy's feminist utopian novel Woman on the Border of Time, neither men nor women get pregnant, leaving that to artificial wombs, but both sexes may lactate and nurse the babe; the specifically female experiences of pregnancy and nursing were opened to men in the crusade of gender equality.^[18] Larry Niven's 1969 essay "Man of Steel, Adult female of Kleenex" ends with because Superman as a carrier for his own babe, due to the difficulties a human female person might encounter carrying a superpowered fetus.

The concept of male person pregnancy has been the subject of popular films, generally as a comedic device. The 1978 one-act film Rabbit Test stars Billy Crystal as a boyfriend who inexplicably becomes pregnant instead of his female sexual activity partner. In Monty Python's 1979 picture show, Life of Brian, in that location is a political satire scene in which a grapheme demands that any man has a "right to take babies if he wants them," which is ridiculed as incommunicable. The 1990 BBC television comedy drama Frankenstein's Babe features a Dr. Eva Frankenstein helping a male person patient to go the earth'southward offset pregnant man.^[19] The 1994 science fiction comedy/drama Inferior stars Arnold Schwarzenegger as a fertility researcher who experiments on himself; the screenplay was inspired by a 1985 article in Omni magazine.^[11] The 2015 romantic one-act Paternity Leave explores the concept of a gay couple surprised with a miraculous pregnancy in feature length. In the 2017 film Mamaboy stars Sean O'Donnell as Kelly Hankins every bit a teenager who decides to undergo an experimental process that enables him to acquit his girlfriend's baby to term. In 2019, as a social commentary on the outcome of ballgame, The Blacklist had an episode which had Pro-Life men existence kidnapped and forced to be significant. One stayed consistent with their belief and gave birth while the other became hypocritical and sought to get an ballgame despite it existence illegal in their state. In April 2020, an independent film Three Pregnant Men was released on Gumroad in the form of a mock documentary following 3 of the eponymous pregnant men who accept become function of an experimental project with a less than ethical corporation. When news of their pregnancy is leaked, each of them are put in jeopardy in different ways, allowing the film to explore gender norms, gay rights in Center Eastern countries, racism/xenophobia, male privilege, and the ability of corporations vs bodily autonomy.

The concept appears oftentimes as a comedic gag in numerous telly programs likewise. In a 1981 episode of the Canadian sketch comedy serial Bizarre, the show'due south resident daredevil character Super Dave Osborne (Bob Einstein) performs, as 1 of his many stunts, carrying and giving nascency to a baby. In the BBC science fiction comedy series Red Dwarf, the main graphic symbol Dave Lister becomes pregnant after having sex with a female person version of himself in an alternate universe. In an episode of Sliders, the quartet "slides" into an alternating world in which babies develop during their final months in the begetter because a worldwide disease has kept women from existence able to carry children beyond their first trimester. In the pop fantasy serial Overjoyed 'due south 5th season, during a dream spell gone wrong, Leo ends up pregnant with Piper'due south baby for a good bargain of the episode, leading to her referring to him as an "incubator" and at times berating him for "upsetting the baby". In Physician Who (series 11), an episode features a human being going into labor hurting. In the Ozzy & Drix episode "Ozzy Jr.", Ozzy thinks he is having a infant merely is actually a parasite growing in his belly caused by an infection by Strepfinger. In the Ren & Stimpy "Adult Party Cartoon" episode "Stimpy'southward Pregnant", Stimpy is thought to be pregnant but Mr. Horse finds out that he is actually constipated.

The possibility of extraterrestrial life having different reproductive sexuality is the basis for many references. In the Star Trek: Enterprise episode "Unexpected", Trip Tucker becomes pregnant with the offspring of a female of another species. In the video game The Sims two male characters can be impregnated via cheat codes or alien abduction. In the American Dad! episode "Deacon Stan, Jesus Man", the male child Steve becomes impregnated after giving the mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to the extraterrestrial Roger, and then unwittingly passes it on to his girlfriend via a buss. In the animated serial Futurama, the extraterrestrial Kif can be impregnated past a touch. In the SciFi Channel miniseries, Farscape: The Peacekeeper Wars, the extraterrestrial Rygel becomes impregnated with human John and Aeryn's baby. In the series Alien Nation, when Tectonese chief character George Francisco and his wife Susan decide to have a third child, it is revealed that, in order to conceive, a Tectonese couple needs a third political party, called a binnaum, to complete impregnation, and that the male person carries the baby—encased in a pod—during the final months of gestation. In the animated series The Fairly OddParents in the TV film Fairly OddBaby, the fairy Cosmo was pregnant of Baby Poof. Additionally, Robert Sheckley's 1989 brusque story Love Song From the Stars as well contains this element. My Friends from Distant, a science fiction Singaporean drama serial, Xiang Lin becomes pregnant to his surprise past kissing Tianning and his pregnancy provides an ongoing plotline in the latter half of the serial. However, afterward he gives birth, information technology turns out that his species gives birth to eggs, which hatch after some time a kid that appears to exist roughly four years old.^{[ citation needed ]}

Horror rarely dips into male pregnancy in depth. Minor appearances exist in the well-known Alien series, in which the get-go chestburster appears, as a consequence of the host organism using human bodies to gestate its young. While this concept is repeated and parodied widely, the origin is as much sci-fi as it is horror. In the 2019 album picture The Mortuary Collection, a predatory fraternity brother named Jake has sex with a adult female, using stealthing to flim-flam her into having sexual practice with him without a condom. As a outcome, her young grows in him rapidly over the course of a 24-hour interval, resulting in his bloody expiry when the child emerges. In 2020, the horror film Amulet depicts a soldier returning from war to alive in a claustrophobic house with a woman and her mother, and a nighttime presence that may be lurking there likewise. Similar the onetime motion-picture show, male person pregnancy serves equally a sort of punishment for a man's sins.

In the Ben 10: Alien Forcefulness episode "Salve the Terminal Dance", it is revealed that Necrofriggians take an ability to asexually reproduce once every lxxx years, edifice a big nest made of digested metal where their eggs volition hatch and their offspring volition feed on the metal, starting time eating from the nest before they instinctively feed on solar plasma until they mature and starts their own separate lives. Due to the Necrofriggian reproduction cycle, Big Chill overtook Ben's personality to carry out the procedure, but Ben did not remember annihilation he did every bit Big Chill during this cycle, like eating metal and having xiv babies, and he felt very embarrassed when Gwen, Kevin and Julie explained, and Kevin's teasing and calling him "mommy" did not aid. In The Iii Stooges episode "Even equally IOU" Curly accidentally swallows a Vitamin Z pill meant for a horse. However, the error allows Curly to requite nascence to an Equidae, which the Stooges crown equally a winning race horse. The manga serial Kentaro Hiyama's First Pregnancy takes place in the future where men are suddenly capable of becoming pregnant, though it is only a 10% hazard of happening. The series explores the workplace prejudice that men and women experience and the titular graphic symbol'southward efforts to alter public stance once he himself becomes meaning.

Virgil Wong, a performance artist, created a hoax site^{[xv] [20]} featuring a fictitious male person pregnancy, claiming to detail the pregnancy of his friend Lee Mingwei.^{[21] [22] [23]}

Male pregnancy is likewise ordinarily explored in slash (homosexual) fan fiction, usually based upon fantasy series such equally Supernatural or Harry Potter.^{[24] [23]}

Come across likewise [edit]

• Allotransplantation, transplanting of non-native tissue
• Artificial uterus (extracorporeal gestation)
• Couvade, a ritual
• Couvade syndrome, a sympathetic condition
• Female sperm
• Male egg
• Male lactation
• Male menstruation
• False pregnancy
• Thomas Beatie
• Transgender pregnancy

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c} Jones AG, Avise JC (2003-10-xiv). "Male pregnancy". Curr. Biol. thirteen (20): R791. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2003.09.045. PMID 14561416.
2. ^ Wilson, A. B.; Orr, J.W. (2011). "The evolutionary origins of Syngnathidae: pipefishes and seahorses". Journal of Fish Biology. 78 (half-dozen): 1603–1623. doi:x.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02988.x. PMID 21651519.
3. ^ Mobley, Kenyon B.; Small, C. Yard. & Adam Thousand. Jones (June 2011). "The genetics and genomics of Syngnathidae: pipefishes, seahorses and seadragons". Journal of Fish Biology. 78 (6): 1624–1646. CiteSeerXten.one.1.717.9398. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02967.x. PMID 21651520.
4. ^ Wilson, A. B.; I. Ahnesjo; A. Vincent; A. Meyer (2003). "The dynamics of male brooding, mating patterns, and sex roles in pipefishes and seahorses (family syngnathidae)". Evolution. 57 (half dozen): 1374–1386. doi:x.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00345.10. PMID 12894945.
5. ^ Berglund, A; G. Rosenqvist (2003). Sex function reversal in pipefish. Advances in the Study of Behavior. Vol. 32. pp. 131–167. doi:10.1016/s0065-3454(03)01003-9. ISBN9780120045327.
6. ^ Sagebakken, Gry; Ingrid Ahnesjo; Kenyon B. Mobley; Ines Braga Goncalves; Charlotta Kvarnemo (2009-11-25). "Brooding fathers, not siblings, take upwards nutrients from embryos". Proceedings of the Royal Order B. 277 (1683): 971–977. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.1767. PMC2842728. PMID 19939847.
7. ^ "Heated debate in Mainland china over 'pregnant male rat' report". S Red china Morning Post. 19 June 2021. Retrieved x July 2021.
8. ^ "Study that Impregnated Male Rats Stirs Controversy". The Scientist.
9. ^ Mallapaty, Smriti (9 July 2021). "'Pregnant' male rat study kindles bioethical debate in Mainland china". Nature. 595 (7868): 481. Bibcode:2021Natur.595..481M. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-01885-0. PMID 34244686. S2CID 235787261.
10. ^ William Leith (2008-04-x). "Pregnant men: difficult to stomach?". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 2008-12-05.
11. ^ ^{a b c} Dick Teresi (1994-eleven-27). "How to Become a Man Pregnant". The New York Times Mag.
12. ^ ^{a b} "Babies borne by men 'possible'". The Independent. 1999-02-22.
13. ^ ^{a b} Meryl Rothstein (2005-07-31). "Male person Pregnancy: A Dangerous Proffer". Popular Science. Archived from the original on 2007-10-15.
14. ^ Men can accept babies; Report still in infancy though: Expert Archived 2009-03-09 at the Wayback Machine
15. ^ ^{a b c} "A Womb of His Own". Snopes.com. 2008-05-09.
16. ^ Rowe, Aaron (April 27, 2009). "The Future of Reproduction: Male person Pregnancy". Upstart Business concern Journal. The Business Journals.
17. ^ Horsager-Boehrer, Robyn. "Uterine transplant: This prospect for pregnancy is not worth the risks". UT Southwestern Medical Middle. UT Southwestern Medical Center. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
18. ^ Piercy, Marge (1985-11-12). Woman on the Edge of Time . Fawcett. ISBN978-0-449-21082-6.
19. ^ "Frankenstein'south Baby". BFI. Archived from the original on 2009-01-29.
20. ^ "Virgil Wong website". Retrieved 2008-03-31 .
21. ^ Hoax website: "Pop! The First Human being Male Pregnancy". Retrieved 2008-03-27 .
22. ^ Lee Mingwei. Mingwei Archived 2008-06-19 at the Wayback Machine Refers to hoax every bit "Male person Pregnancy Projection, Eye d'Art Santa Monica, Barcelona, Spain"
23. ^ ^{a b} Ingram-Waters, Mary C. (2008). Unnatural Babies: Cultural Conceptions of Deviant Procreations. ISBN9780549700333.
24. ^ Astrom, Berit (2010). "Transformative Works and Cultures". Transformative Works and Cultures. 4 (4). doi:10.3983/twc.2010.0135.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_pregnancy

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